iPad Reflection: A Year (almost) of iPads in the Classroom

I truly believe in the power of the iPad to give students a broader learning experience, to prepare them with job-ready skills, and to provide equitable learning opportunities.  With almost a complete school year of iPads in the classroom, I have learned quite a bit about these amazing devices and the freedom it gives me to create assignments that go beyond the classroom to expand the learning of my students.  But with every change comes a few hurdles, so here are a few of my own experiences and what I did that made life a lot more stress-free while ensuring that my students made the most of this wonderful opportunity.

Classroom management:  The first thing I learned was that my view of classroom management had to change.  I could no longer look across my classroom and know with a fair amount of certainty that my students were on task.  I have to walk around and look to see what they have on their screens.  So no more standing in front, or even in the middle (my usual location) of my class--not when they had an assignment that required the iPad. 

Teach them when and how to use the device:  They don't need to have their iPads out at every moment.  When I have an assignment that requires the device, then they can get it out.  Otherwise it can stay in the backpack until I tell them different.  In other words, I had to make sure my expectations were clear.  When I talk to my class, I expect every set of eyes to be on me.  Even when they are using the iPad, if I call their attention I wait until I have it before I continue.

Loosen up:  My definition of "on task" had to change.  I can't remember how many times I asked a student to get back on task, only to find out that he or she was actually looking up something related to the assignment.  I might have asked them to use a certain app, but they were looking up how to do something with the app, or trying to find a fact for the assignment.  That's the beauty of having a device in your hands--answers to your questions are only a few taps away.  This leads to my next revelation:

Let go of the reigns:  This was hard to do, but in the end it is what makes them better learners.  I had to realize that I was no longer the holder of all knowledge in the classroom.  When I finally understood this, it truly freed me to be a better teacher.  "Why don't you Google that?" became my mantra, followed by "Make sure you let the rest of us know what you find."

Be flexible:  Having the iPad allowed me to be much more flexible when it came to assignments.  Students have so many ways to demonstrate their learning--whether it's using video or audio or writing, and publishing their work to Teachertube (Youtube is blocked by our filtering system), their blogs or even Pinterest!  Giving students choices gives students control over their learning, and changing up those choices makes life more interesting.

Bring back "Show and Tell":  Every once in a while I allow students to show us an app or a game that they have found.  Projecting the iPad while they're doing this gives them experience speaking in front of the class, but in a relaxed way with no pressure.  I have found several apps (okay, yes and games) this way.  Sometimes I will even assign homework to find an app for a specific job, like finding a good photo manipulator or a voice recorder.  This way they explore their different options and can make an informed decision when we need that type of app for an assignment.

Embrace the gaming experience:  It's there, and it's not going away, so why not try to incorporate what they know and love into my lesson?  Every subject will be different, but almost every subject has a game out there that will enhance what is being taught.  Find the right one and give them ten minutes at the end of class to play it.  Or use the characters or setting in a game as the basis of a lesson.  The options are really endless, and if you are clueless about how to start, turn to them for the answer.  One of my students asked me--seriously--if I was feeling okay when I asked the class to explain the purpose of Minecraft and how we could use the game as part of a lesson.

Practice patience but be firm:  I try to remember that the iPad can distract me as well as it can them.  When I see my students off task I remind them to get back on task or tap their shoulder as a silent reminder.  Most students will get back to work, but I did have a few students who seemed determined to try my patience.   After two warnings I take the device up until the end of class.  This was hard for me to do at first--I wouldn't want my iPad taken from me--but I had to realize that just like any other item the student brings into the class, if it is truly hampering the students' learning, it has to go.  In a few cases when they absolutely had to use the device for the lesson, I pulled up a chair and sat beside them for a while.  It worked every time.  :)

Here are some more great tips for managing your iPad classroom.






Group Project

Group Project ~ Collaboration


Evidence of collaboration:
Facebook – EDLD 5363-Group Project (FLAG):
Google Docs:
Copied from Google Docs:

Narration Script

Members:
Jennifer Dickson - Introduction and Flag as a Symbol
Leonides Antonio - Stars
Linda Miller - Stripes
Nancy Metteauer - Flag made with a purpose
Janice Kato - Pledge and Closing


The Flag of the United States of America  
Since 1776 the United States Flag has been a symbol of freedom, unity and strength for the citizens of the United States of America.  Each part of the flag has special meaning from America’s rich history.  
Stars-
1. Students: “How many Stars in the our flag and what do they represents?”
2. Student 1: “There are 50 stars in our flag”
3. Student 2: “The 50 stars represent  the 50 states of the United States of America.”

Stripes-
Student 1:  There are 13 stripes in the American flag, 7 red stripes and 6 white.  (approx. 10 seconds)
Student 2:  Red symbolizes hardiness and bravery (approx. 5 seconds)
Student 3:  White symbolizes purity and innocence.   (approx. 5 seconds)
Student 4:   The 13 stripes represent the original 13 colonies that declared their independence from Great Britain.  (approx. 15 seconds)
Total:  35 seconds


Purpose-
The placement of the stars and stripes teach us that the flag was constructed with purpose.  The colors and symbols represent important principles such as the history and future of our country.  The flag reminds us that we are part of the great land of America.

Total: 18 seconds

Pledge and Closing-
Students all over the United States recite the Pledge of Allegiance at school. [allow for audio of students reciting the pledge for 10 seconds]
Now that you have learned more about our Flag, you will have a better understanding as to why we say our pledge.
Where is another place that you have seen the Pledge of Allegiance recited?

iMovie Tutorial Script


So you have a video you think is destined to go viral? Or at least one guaranteed to grant you your 15 minutes of fame?  Well, first things first, you have to get that video off your camera and in front of the public.  If you have a Mac, then you’re in luck because all Macs come preloaded with one of the easiest video editing tools around–iMovie.

Lets get started by looking at the interface.  Apple has broken up the interface into sections to make it easier to use and understand.

At the top are 3 very important buttons—importing, creating and sharing. 

When you click the import button you can access media stored on your computer, your Devices or your camera.  You can even create videos using your Mac’s built in camera.

When you click the Create button, you can create either a Movie or a Trailer. 

iMovie has themes in each of these sections which you can preview by clicking the play button.  Or you can choose “No Theme: and add your own transitions later.

The panel on the left contains your libraries.  When you click on one of the libraries, the content appears on the content screen.  The libraries at the top give you access to your images and video, as well as your different projects.  The libraries at the bottom contain media to enhance your project, such as transitions, sound effects, and music from your iTunes collection.

At the bottom of the screen is the timeline for your project.  To add elements to your timeline, all you have to do is select your media and drag and drop. 

The section at the top right is where you can view and edit your media.  When you click on an image or video in the timeline, you have the option to “enhance,” which will automatically adjust your media, or you can click the Adjust button to make the changes yourself. 

Lastly, a new feature in iMovie is the Theater.  The Theater contains all your finished projects. And if you have iCloud set up, you can store and share your videos through the cloud.

So that’s a quick overview of iMovie.  Give it a try—and if you get stuck, iMovie’s Help Center is a great place to find more information. 



EDLD 5363 ~ Photo Choices


Internship Plan ~ Week 5 EDLD 5311


Activity
SBEC
Domain, Competency
Leadership Skill #
NETS-C
Activity Summary
Resource
Person
Expected Date of
Completion
(18mos)
Vision Statement Comparison
Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 1: Vision and Campus Culture

Skill 1 Vision/mission
Review and compare two school vision statements and note strengths and weaknesses of each.  Include findings in e-portfolio.
Assistant Principal
June 30, 2014
Project Strategic Plan


District Technology Committee
Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 1: Vision and Campus Culture

Skill 2
Strategic Planning
I will create a strategic plan for my project.  I will include the plan and an evaluation of the plan in the e-portfolio.


I will serve on the District Technology Committee, take notes on the plan to implement technology in the district, compile those notes and any suggestions in my e-portfolio.


Principal, Technology Director
Feb. 1, 2015
CTE Data Collection and Analysis
Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 1: Vision and Campus Culture

Skill 3
 Data collection and analysis

I will compile data comparing the student achievement of sub-pops in the CTE program with those same sub-pops not in the CTE program.

I will compile the data and present it to the director and include data and presentation in my e-portfolio.

Feb. 1, 2015
CTE Director
Evaluation of Staff Communication

Evaluation of Project Communication


Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 2: Communication and Collaboration that Promotes Student Success

Skill 4.
 Effective communication

I will complete a staff development session and then survey participants for feedback regarding strengths and weaknesses in my presentation.  I will include the results of the survey in my e-portfolio.

After completing my project I will solicit feedback on my ability to communicate effectively and include that information in my e-portfolio.

Principal, Technology Curriculum Integration Specialist
Feb. 1, 2015
Department Head Meetings

School Board Meetings
Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 1: Vision and Campus Culture

Skill 5. Negotiation/
Consensus building

I will attend as many Department Head meetings as possible and include the agendas as well as a list of outcomes and decisions pertaining to each agenda item and any recommendations. 

I will attend as many Board meetings as possible and include the agendas as well as a list of outcomes and decisions pertaining to each agenda item and any recommendations.
Asst. Principal
June 30, 2014
CTE Letter Jacket Committee
Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 1: Vision and Campus Culture

Skill 6. Collaborative decision making

Head a committee to look into developing a policy regarding the awarding of letter jackets for CTE competitions that is consistent throughout the program and with other areas such as athletics and band.
CTE Director
Feb. 1, 2014
5A CTE Curriculum Comparison and Analysis
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 4: Curriculum, Measurement, & Alignment of Resources

Skill 7
 Curriculum Analysis

I will compare CTE curriculums in other 5A school districts.  I will compile my finding in a visual presentation and include the presentation and suggestions in my e-portfolio.

CTE Director
Oct. 1, 2014
Master Plan
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

 Competency 4: Curriculum, Measurement, & Alignment of Resources

Skill 8. School/Program Scheduling

I will meet with the administrator in charge of the master plan and observe and/or assist in the planning process.  I will include the final plan and a summary of the process in my e-portfolio.
Asst. Principal
Oct. 1, 2014
Professional
Observations
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 4: Curriculum, Measurement, & Alignment of Resources

Skill 9. Supervision of Instruction/Instructional Strategies

With the permission of the principal and two teachers I will conduct two classroom observations using the district observation form.  I will include a summary of the observation process and recommendations for improvement in my e-portfolio.

Principal
Oct. 1, 2014
Student Participation Survey
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 5: Campus Culture & Professional Learning

Skill 10. Learning/Motivation Theory
I will compile a list of all options for student participation that the school offers, including study group, sports, and other formal and informal groups.  I will calculate the percentage of students who belong to one or more student groups, after which I will meet with several students and brainstorm reasons students choose to belong are not.  I will seek recommendations for encouraging more students to participate.  I will include all data and summaries in my e-portfolio.
Asst. Principal
Oct. 1, 2014
Technology Leader Interview
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 5: Campus Culture & Professional Learning

Skill 11.
Learning Technology

I will interview the district technology administrator to learn the process for implementing current and new technologies, and evaluation of the process used and any concerns and/or changes to future implementation.  I will include the interview, a reflection and any recommendations for improvement in my e-portfolio.

District Technology Administrator
Oct. 1, 2014
Evaluation of Student Achievement
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 5: Campus Culture & Professional Learning

Skill 12. Evaluation of Student Achievement/
Testing and Measurements

I will compile data comparing the student achievement of sub-pops in the CTE program with those same sub-pops not in the CTE program.

I will compile the data and present it to the director and include data and presentation in my e-portfolio.
CTE Director
Feb. 1, 2015
CTE Letter Jacket Committee
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 4: Curriculum, Measurement, & Alignment of Resources

Skill 13. Supervision of Extra/Co-Curricular Education


Head a committee to look into developing a policy regarding the awarding of letter jackets for CTE competitions that is consistent throughout the program and with other areas such as athletics and band.
CTE Director
Feb. 1, 2014
Staff Development
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 6: Teacher (Staff) Evaluation and Development

Skill 14.
Staff Development/
Adult Learning

I will complete a staff development session and then survey participants for feedback regarding strengths and weaknesses in my presentation.  I will include the results of the survey in my e-portfolio.

After completing my project I will solicit feedback on my ability to communicate effectively and include that information in my e-portfolio.


Principal, Technology Curriculum Integration Specialist
Feb. 1, 2015
Technology Leader Interview
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 7: Decision-Making and Problem Solving

Skill 15.
Change Process
I will interview the district technology administrator to learn the reasons behind the district’s new iPad initiative and the steps involved in implementing the plan.  I will include the interview, a reflection and any recommendations for improvement in my e-portfolio.


District Technology Administrator
Feb. 1, 2015
Truancy Review

Court Visit
Domain III: Administrative Leadership

Competency 9: School Safety

Skill 16.
Student Discipline
I will review truancy/discipline referrals for a specific period.  I will compile data with regard to grade level, special education classification, race and gender.   I will include a summary of my findings and recommendations for improvement in my e-portfolio.

I will attend a truancy-related court hearing and take notes on the procedure and outcome.  I will compile those notes and a reflection in my e-portfolio.
Asst. Principal
Feb. 1, 2015
Communities in School Participation
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 7: Decision-Making and Problem Solving

Skill 17.
Student Services
I will attend five Communities in Schools lunch sessions, take notes on student concerns and summarize my notes in e-Portfolio.

I will investigate the steps a student goes through from when they are recommended to CIS to when they actually receive services.  I will summarize in my e-portfolio.

CIS Campus Coordinator
June 1, 2014
Observe and substitute for an office secretary to assess the needs and demands of his/her position.
Domain III: Administrative Leadership
Competency 8: Budgeting, Resource Allocation, and Financial Management

Skill 18
 General Office Administration
Observe the office secretary for a period of time in order to assess the needs and demands of his/her position.  Following the observation, substitute for the administrative secretary in duties agreeable with the secretary and administration for a set period of time.  A brief summary of the needs and demands of this position, along with any recommendations for improvement, will be included in the e-portfolio.
Principal
Feb. 1, 2015
CTE Letter Jacket Committee
Domain III: Administrative Leadership

Competency 8: Budgeting, Resource Allocation, and Financial Management

Skill 19.
School Operations/
Policies
Head a committee to look into developing a policy regarding the awarding of letter jackets for CTE competitions that is consistent throughout the program and with other areas such as athletics and band.
CTE Director
Feb. 1, 2014
Interview School Head of Maintenance
Domain III: Administrative Leadership

Competency 9: School Safety

Skill 20.
Facility and Maintenance Administration/Safety and Security
I will meet with the head of maintenance to review job responsibilities and staff schedules.  I will discuss concerns regarding staffing and expectations.  I will summarize my interview along with a personal reflection in my e-portfolio.
Head of Maintenance
June 30, 2014
Interview Head of Transportation
Domain III: Administrative Leadership

Competency 9: School Safety

Skill 21.
Student Transportation

I will meet with the head of transportation to review job responsibilities and staff schedules.  I will discuss concerns regarding staffing and expectations.  I will summarize my interview along with a personal reflection in my e-portfolio.
Head of Transportation
Feb. 1, 2015
Interview Food Service Manager
Domain III: Administrative Leadership
Competency 9: School Safety

Skill 22
Food Services
Interview school food service manager to discuss the current requirements, concerns, and issues of the program.  A summary of findings from the interview will be included in the notebook.
Food Service Manager
Feb. 1, 2015
Teacher Observation
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 6: Teacher (Staff) Evaluation and Development

Skill 23. Personnel Procedures

With the permission of the principal and two teachers I will conduct two classroom observations using the district observation form.  I will include a summary of the observation process and recommendations for improvement in my e-portfolio.

Principal
Oct. 1, 2014
District Budget Administrator Interview

Budget Planning

Budget Study
Domain III: Administrative Leadership

Competency 8: Budgeting, Resource Allocation, and Financial Management

Skill 24. Supervision of the Budget
Interview the administrator responsible for the district budget.  Interview will focus on principal/director responsibility, training programs and any major needs or concerns.  I will include an overview of the interview and a personal reflection in my e-portfolio.

With administrative approval, I will participate in the budget planning process for the school or department.  I will include a breakdown of the process and an overview of the activity in my e-portfolio.

Under the guidance of the CTE Director, I will examine the CTE budget and analyze the extent to which funds are directly related to increasing learning.  I will include a brief analysis and reflection in my e-portfolio.
District Budget Administrator
Feb. 1, 2015
PTA Recruiting Plan
Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 2: Communication and Collaboration that Promotes Student Success

Skill 25 Community/
Public Relations

I will work with the PTA president to develop a parent-recruiting plan that will involve communicating with the public and parents.  I will include communications and overview of plan in my e-portfolio.
PTA President
Nov. 1, 2014
PTA Recruiting Plan
Domain I:
School Community Leadership
Competency 2: Communication and Collaboration that Promotes Student Success

Skill 26. Parent Involvement

I will work with the PTA president to develop a parent-recruiting plan that will involve communicating with the public and parents.  I will include communications and overview of plan in my e-portfolio.
District Budget Administrator
Feb. 1, 2015
CTE Data Collection, Analysis and Collaboration


Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 2: Communication and Collaboration that Promotes Student Success

Skill 27.
Climate That Supports Cultural Diversity

I will compile data comparing the student achievement of sub-pops in the CTE program with those same sub-pops not in the CTE program.

I will compile the data and present it to the director and staff.  I will lead a brainstorming session to collaborate on recruiting possibilities.

I will include data, presentation and a brief reflection in my e-portfolio.


CTE Director
Feb. 1, 2015
CTE Community Advisory Board
Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 2: Communication and Collaboration that Promotes Student Success

Skill 28. Community/
Business Involvement and Partnerships
I will attend meetings of the CTE community advisory board and include notes, concerns and any resolutions in my e-portfolio. 


CTE Director
Feb. 1, 2015
Job Requirements and Performance Standards Analysis
Domain I: School Community Leadership

Competency 3: Integrity and Ethics

Skill 29
Position Goals and Requirements
I will obtain a copy of the job description for CTE director and high school principal and the evaluation instrument used for both.  I will analyze the correlation between the requirements listed in the job description and the performance standards of the evaluation and include copies of the job descriptions, evaluations and analysis in my e-portfolio.
CTE Director, Principal
Oct. 1, 2014
Retired Administrator Interview
Domain I: School Community Leadership

Competency 3: Integrity and Ethics

Skill 30. Philosophy/
History of Education

I will conduct an interview with a retired administrator (or one close to retirement).  I will focus on the history of the school system in regards to significant events that affect the way school districts operate today.  I will include highlights of the interview in my e-portfolio. 

I will write a biography about the person I interview in the first activity.  The biography will include a brief history, education, administrative history and his or her educational philosophy.  I will include the biography in my e-portfolio.
Retired Administrator
Oct. 1, 2014
Meet and discuss with staff members their perspectives of ethical/unethical behaviors employed by certified personnel in the district/school.
Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 3: Integrity and Ethics

Skill 31
Ethics

Meet with a group of staff members (e.g. secretaries, clerks, etc.) to discuss their perspectives of ethical/unethical behaviors employed by certified personnel in the district/school.  Seek recommendations for policy changes, additional training, and/or consequences to ensure increased ethical practices by certified personnel.  Include recommendations in e-portfolio.
Starr personnel
Feb. 1, 2015
Choose 2-4 interpersonal skills to develop throughout the school year.
Domain I:
 School Community Leadership

Competency 3: Integrity and Ethics

Skill 32. Interpersonal Relationships
Interpersonal skills I will develop:
¨     Seek to know and understand others
¨     Encourage others to participate when leading
General staff
Feb. 1, 2015
School Board Meetings
Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 3: Integrity and Ethics

Skill 33
School Board Policy and Procedures/State and Federal Law
Administration

I will attend as many school board meetings as possible.  I will include the agendas as well as a list of outcomes and decisions pertaining to each agenda item in my e-portfolio.


School Board members
Feb. 1, 2015
CTE Federal Program Training
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 4: Curriculum, Measurement, & Alignment of Resources

Skill 34-
 Federal Programs
I will attend training on Career and Technology Education with focus on federal programs.  I will include an overview of training and new learning in my e-portfolio.
CTE Director
Feb. 1, 2015
Meet with two individuals on either side of an issue and devise a resolution to help both sides achieve their goals and address concerns.
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 7: Decision-Making and Problem Solving

Skill 35.
 Issue and Conflict Resolution

I will find at least two individuals on either side of a current issue.  I will meet with them individually to ascertain the goals for each side.  I will develop a list of concerns that each side has about the opposing side.  I will devise a resolution that helps both sides to reach consensus on the new proposal or plan. I will include the goals, list of concerns, and consensus on goals in the e-portfolio.
General Staff
Feb. 1, 2015
CTE Data Collection, Analysis and Collaboration
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 5: Campus Culture & Professional Learning

Skill 36.
Current Issues Affecting Teaching and Learning

I will compile data comparing the student achievement of sub-pops in the CTE program with those same sub-pops not in the CTE program.

I will compile the data and present it to the director and staff.  I will lead a brainstorming session to collaborate on recruiting possibilities.

I will include data, presentation and a brief reflection in my e-portfolio.

CTE Director
Feb. 1, 2015
Principal Services List

Career and Technology Education Services List
Domain III: Administrative Leadership

Competency 8: Budgeting, Resource Allocation, and Financial Management

Skill 37. Professional Affiliations and Resources

I will compile a list of services and information available for principals and include the list in my e-portfolio. 

I will investigate CTE affiliations and resources available to CTE directors and compile a list to be included in my e-portfolio.
CTE Director
July 30, 2014
Professional Library
Domain III: Administrative Leadership

Competency 8: Budgeting, Resource Allocation, and Financial Management

Skill 38. Professional Library
I will compile a list of books, publications, manuals and district or state publications recommended by affiliations or by administrative interviewees.



Principal
July 30, 2014
District Technology Committee

Technology Leader Interview




Domain I:
School Community Leadership

Competency 1: Vision and Campus Culture

NETS-C 1
Visionary Leadership
I will serve on the District Technology Committee, take notes on the plan to implement technology in the district, compile those notes and any suggestions in my e-portfolio.

I will interview the district technology administrator on the overall vision for the district concerning technology implementation.
District Technology Administrator
July 30, 2014
Online curriculum development
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 4: Curriculum, Measurement, & Alignment of Resources

NETS-C 2
 Teaching, Learning, & Assessments
Create an online course teacher staff development on a pertinent technology subject.  Course will include an assessment of student learning and teacher communication.

After completing my project I will solicit feedback on my ability to communicate effectively and include that information in my e-portfolio.
Curriculum Development Administrator
Feb. 1, 2015
Online curriculum development
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 4: Curriculum, Measurement, & Alignment of Resources

NETS-C3
 Digital Age Learning Environments
Create an online course teacher staff development on a pertinent technology subject.  Course will include an assessment of student learning and teacher communication.

After completing my project I will solicit feedback on my ability to communicate effectively and include that information in my e-portfolio.
Curriculum Development Administrator
Feb. 1, 2015
Online curriculum development
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 6: Teacher (Staff) Evaluation and Development

NETS-C4 Professional Development & Program Evaluation
Create an online course teacher staff development on a pertinent technology subject.  Course will include an assessment of student learning and teacher communication.

After completing my project I will solicit feedback on my ability to communicate effectively and include that information in my e-portfolio.
Curriculum Development Administrator
Feb. 1, 2015
Parent Guide
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 5: Campus Culture & Professional Learning

NETS-C 5
Digital Citizenship
Work with technology director to develop an electronic guide to be shared with parents and community about the role of digital citizenship and what they should know to raise good citizens.
District Technology Director
Feb. 1, 2015
CTE Federal Training
Domain II: Instructional Leadership

Competency 5: Campus Culture & Professional Learning

NETS-C6
Content Knowledge and Professional Growth
I will attend training on Career and Technology Education with focus on federal programs.  I will include an overview of training and new learning in my e-portfolio.
CTE Director
Feb. 1, 2015